Linux Basics

Introduction> Introduction # SSH, or secure shell, is an encrypted protocol used to administer and communicate with servers. When working with a Linux server you may often spend much of your time in a terminal session connected to your server through SSH.

Introduction> Introduction # The ability to send e-mail alerts is essential for the day to day management of any VPS. For system administrators (and users alike), being able to take advantage of this [new] possibility not only makes things easier, but also provides you with many allies in your combat against thieves or downtime with triggers you can create.

Introduction> Introduction # LVM, or Logical Volume Management, is a storage device management technology that gives users the power to pool and abstract the physical layout of component storage devices for flexible administration.

Introduction FTP, short for File Transfer Protocol, is a network protocol that was once widely used for moving files between a client and server. It has since been replaced by faster, more secure, and more convenient ways of delivering files.

Dig is a networking tool that can query DNS servers for information. It can be very helpful for diagnosing problems with domain pointing and is a good way to verify that your configuration is working.

Introduction> Introduction # SSH, or secure shell, is an encrypted protocol used to administer and communicate with servers. When working with an Ubuntu server, chances are you will spend most of your time in a terminal session connected to your server through SSH.

A previous version of this tutorial was written by Justin Ellingwood Introduction> Introduction # One of the easiest way of guarding against out-of-memory errors in applications is to add some swap space to your server.

Introduction> Introduction # A Linux server, like any modern computer, runs multiple applications. These are referred to and managed as individual processes. While Linux will handle the low-level, behind-the-scenes management in a process’s life-cycle – i.

Introduction> Introduction # One of the easiest way of increasing the responsiveness of your server and guarding against out-of-memory errors in applications is to add some swap space. In this guide, we will cover how to add a swap file to an Ubuntu 16.

Introduction> Introduction # Logical Volume Management, or LVM, is a storage device management technology that gives users the power to pool and abstract the physical layout of component storage devices for flexible administration.

Introduction> Introduction # While connecting to your server through SSH can be very secure, the SSH daemon itself is a service that must be exposed to the internet to function properly.

Introduction> Introduction # Navigating and manipulating files and folders in the filesystem is a key part of working with most computers. Cloud servers mostly use the same common Linux shells, and common Linux commands, for working with files and folders.

Introduction> Introduction # Backups are very important for cloud servers. Whether you are running a single project with all of its data stored on a single server, or deploying directly from Git to VMs that are spun up and torn down while retaining a minimum set of logs, you should always plan for a failure scenario.

Introduction> Introduction # Transferring files over an SSH connection, by using either SFTP or SCP, is a popular method of moving small amounts of data between servers. In some cases, however, it may be necessary to share entire directories, or entire filesystems, between two remote environments.

Introduction> Introduction # Initialization is a crucial procedure that lies at the heart of any Unix-based operating system to control the operation of every script and service. This is essential in a server environment, where issues can occur at the critical points of startup and shutdown, and where ensuring optimal performance is a priority.

Introduction One of the most basic tasks that you should know how to do on a fresh Linux server is add and remove users. When you create a new system, you are often only given the root account by default.

Introduction> Introduction # To save yourself some trouble with your web server, you can configure logging. Logging information on your server gives you access to the data that will help you troubleshoot and assess situations as they arise.

Table of Contents & Preface> Table of Contents & Preface # Introduction – Requirements and Why Pros & Cons – Droplet Check if Enabled on your VPS Swap Partitions, Swap Files, & Disk Images

Introduction> Introduction # The grep command is one of the most useful commands in a Linux terminal environment. The name grep stands for “global regular expression print”. This means that you can use grep to check whether the input it receives matches a specified pattern.

Status: Deprecated> Status: Deprecated # This article covers a version of Ubuntu that is no longer supported. If you are currently operate a server running Ubuntu 12.04, we highly recommend upgrading or migrating to a supported version of Ubuntu: